Table 1. Case definitions of MIS-C

WHO [10] U.S. CDC [1] KDCA [11]
Age ≤ 19 years < 21 years ≤ 19 years
Fever ≥ 3 days ≥ 24 hours ≥ 38.0°C for ≥ 24 hours
Multisystem involvement 1. Rash or bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis or mucocutaneous inflammation signs (oral, hands, or feet)2. Hypotension or shock3. Features of myocardial dysfunction, pericarditis, valvulitis, or coronary abnormalities (including echocardiography findings or elevated troponin/NT-proBNP)4. Evidence of coagulopathy (by PT, aPTT, elevated D-dimers)5. Acute gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain) Multisystem (> 2) organ involvement (cardiac, kidney, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, or neurological) 2 or more organs (cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic or neurological disorder)
Laboratory evidence of inflammation Elevated markers of inflammation such as ESR, CRP, or procalcitonin ≥ 1 of the following: an elevated CRP level, ESR, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, D-dimer, ferritin, lactic acid dehydrogenase, or IL-6; elevated neutrophils; reduced lymphocytes; and low albumin Elevated ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, D-dimer, ferritin, LDH, and IL-6; neutrophilia; lymphopenia; hypoalbuminemia
Requiring hospitalization No Yes Yes
Evidence of COVID-19 RT-PCR, antigen test, or serology positive, or likely contact with patients with COVID-19 RT PCR, antigen test, serology test, or contact with patients with COVID-19 within 4 weeks positive PCR, antibody or antigen test, or contact with patients with COVID-19 within 4 weeks
Other plausible diagnosis No other obvious microbial cause of inflammation No alternative plausible diagnoses Exclusion of any other microbial cause of inflammation
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; PT: prothrombin time; aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; NT-proBNP: N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IL: interleukin; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; MIS-C: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.