Kawasaki Disease

About Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki Disease(KD) is an official publication of the Korean Society of Kawasaki Disease (KSKD) and a peer-reviewed, open-access, multidisciplinary journal directed to physicians, other health care professionals and researchers who are interested in Kawasaki disease. Its regional focus is mainly Korea, but it also welcomes submissions from researchers and physicians all over the world. KD is concerned with the dissemination of knowledge on clinical, basic science and innovative methods related to Kawasaki disease or Kawasaki-like disease. The categories of manuscripts are original articles, reviews, editorials, case reports, other publications recognized by the Publications Committee. The journal is published twice a year on the official website https://www.e-kd.org. It is planned to be indexed in KCI, PubMEd, Scopus, Google Scholar, KoreaMed, KoreaMed Synapse and KoMCI, and easily available to wide international researchers.
Review

Jun 30, 2025

Kawasaki Disease Complicated with Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment
가와사키병에 합병된 대식세포활성증후군: 진단과 치료에 대한 최신 지견

Kyoungsoon Cho, Soo-Young Lee
조경순, 이수영

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e1
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e1

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), also referred to as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is a hyperinflammatory phenomenon characterized by fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia, and organ dysfunction. In clinical practice, MAS is encountered as a serious complication of systemic inflammatory diseases in children. Although rare, children with Kawasaki disease (KD) may also develop MAS. Compared to KD patients without MAS, those with MAS have more severe laboratory findings and a higher rate of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance...
Review

Jun 30, 2025

Retropharyngeal Inflammation in Kawasaki Disease: A Literature Review
후인두 염증을 나타내는 가와사키병: 문헌고찰

Soo-Young Lee, Kil Seong Bae
이수영, 배길성

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e2
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e2

In some cases, Kawasaki disease (KD) may present as retropharyngeal inflammation (RPI) or retropharyngeal abscess (RPA). KD with RPI (RPI-KD) and bacterial RPA are often confused in clinical practice because they can have similar clinical manifestations, such as neck pain, limited neck motion, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). The purpose of this study was to review the literature on RPI-KD and identify diagnostic clues that can be used to differentiate RPI-KD from bacterial RPA. Demographic comparison (i.e., gender and age) revealed no di...
Original Article

Jun 30, 2025

Outcomes of Conservative Treatment for Patients with Right Coronary Artery Total Occlusion after Kawasaki Disease

Kyung-Jin Oh, Sang-Yun Lee

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e3
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e3

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects children and can lead to severe coronary artery complications, including total occlusion. This study evaluates the long-term outcomes of conservative management in patients with right coronary artery (RCA) total occlusion following KD. Methods: A retrospective review of 78 patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) between 2000 and 2022 identified seven cases of RCA total occlusion. Results: The median duration from KD diagnosis to RCA occlusion was 2.3...
Case Report

Jun 30, 2025

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) or Severe Kawasaki Disease: What is Your Diagnosis?
소아다기관염증증후군 또는 중증 가와사키병: 어느 것이 적절한 진단인가?

Soo-Young Lee, Ji Seok Bang
이수영, 방지석

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e4
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e4

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious complication that can occur after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MIS-C is characterized by infectious triggers, systemic inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Although uncommon, organ dysfunction may also be observed in severe Kawasaki disease (KD) such as Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS). Here, we present the case of a 5-year-old boy with KD-like features and cardiac dysfunction. The patient was hospitalized with suspected KD due to...
Case Report

Jun 30, 2025

Incomplete Kawasaki Disease Mimicking Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) with Subsequent Diagnosis of Early-Onset Crohn’s Disease: A Case of Diagnostic Challenges in a Pediatric Patient

Hee Yoon Choi, Do Hyun Kim, Mi Young Han

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e5
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e5

Kawasaki disease (KD) can lead to severe complications, including incomplete KD with significant organ dysfunction. This report describes a previously healthy 3-year-old boy who presented with a 5-day history of high fever, periumbilical abdominal pain, and mild conjunctival injection, without respiratory symptoms. Initial laboratory findings indicated severe leukocytosis, anemia, and elevated inflammatory markers, prompting treatment for suspected infectious enterocolitis. As symptoms persisted, the clinical picture evolved, and multisystem in...
Case Report

Jun 30, 2025

Urinary Tract Infection with Dyspnea and Shock: An Unusual Presentation of Kawasaki Disease
호흡곤란과 쇼크 동반 요로감염: 가와사키병의 흔하지 않은 임상양상

Sangwon Rhee, Danbi Kim, Kyoungsoon Cho, Soo-Young Lee
이상원, 김단비, 조경순, 이수영

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e6
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e6

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness that affects multiple organs and systems. As a renal involvement, pyuria is seen in approximately 30%–60% of patients with KD. Therefore, in actual clinical practice, pyuria is used as a clue to support the diagnosis of incomplete or atypical KD. However, at the same time, pyuria can be a pitfall for misdiagnosing KD as urinary tract infection (UTI), especially in febrile infants. In this study, we describe a 12-month-old boy who presented with fever and pyuria without the principal clinical f...
Case Report

Jun 30, 2025

Supergiant Coronary Aneurysm in Refractory Kawasaki Disease and Difficulty in Identifying Thrombosis
불응성 가와사키병에서 발생한 거대 관상동맥류와 초음파를 통한 혈전 생성 감별의 어려움

Ju Ae Shin, Jae Young Lee
신주애, 이재영

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e7
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e7

In Kawasaki disease, coronary artery complications increase the long-term morbidity and mortality. Coronary artery thrombosis can cause fatal outcomes, so rapid diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial. We report our experience of a patient with intravenous immunoglobulin-refractory Kawasaki disease who developed a giant coronary aneurysm. Despite high-dose immunoglobulin therapy, the patient developed giant coronary aneurysms measuring more than 10 mm in the left main coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, and right coronary a...
Case Report

Jun 30, 2025

Successful Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for a Patient with Kawasaki Disease Complicated by Coronary Thrombosis: A Case Report

Na Hyun Lee, Se Yong Jung

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e8
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e8

This case report discusses a 23-month-old male diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease (KD), complicated by coronary artery aneurysm and acute coronary thrombosis. We highlight the use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy as a critical intervention in restoring coronary perfusion. This report aims to add to the growing body of knowledge on the efficacy of tPA in Kawasaki disease-related coronary complications.
Case Report

Jun 30, 2025

Rescue Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in an Acute Kawasaki Disease Infant with Giant Left Main Coronary Artery Aneurysm which Compressed Left Anterior Descending Artery

Eun Young Bae, Gi Beom Kim, Susan Taejung Kim, Mi Kyoung Song, Woong Han Kim

Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e9
https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e9

We report a Kawasaki disease infant with a giant coronary artery aneurysm compressing the adjacent coronary artery causing significant stenosis. Our case suggests that a giant aneurysm at the left main coronary artery can cause severe left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis by mechanical compression, and coronary artery bypass grafting could be a useful rescue treatment option even in small infants in the acute phase.

CURRENT ISSUE: Jun 2025, Vol. 3, No. 1

Review Kawasaki Disease Complicated with Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment 가와사키병에 합병된 대식세포활성증후군: 진단과 치료에 대한 최신 지견 Kyoungsoon Cho, Soo-Young Lee 조경순, 이수영 Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e1 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e1 HTML PDF PubReader TDM	Review Retropharyngeal Inflammation in Kawasaki Disease: A Literature Review 후인두 염증을 나타내는 가와사키병: 문헌고찰 Soo-Young Lee, Kil Seong Bae 이수영, 배길성 Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e2 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e2 HTML PDF PubReader TDM
Original Article Outcomes of Conservative Treatment for Patients with Right Coronary Artery Total Occlusion after Kawasaki Disease Kyung-Jin Oh, Sang-Yun Lee Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e3 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e3 HTML PDF PubReader TDM	Case Report Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) or Severe Kawasaki Disease: What is Your Diagnosis? 소아다기관염증증후군 또는 중증 가와사키병: 어느 것이 적절한 진단인가? Soo-Young Lee, Ji Seok Bang 이수영, 방지석 Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e4 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e4 HTML PDF PubReader TDM
Case Report Incomplete Kawasaki Disease Mimicking Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) with Subsequent Diagnosis of Early-Onset Crohn’s Disease: A Case of Diagnostic Challenges in a Pediatric Patient Hee Yoon Choi, Do Hyun Kim, Mi Young Han Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e5 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e5 HTML PDF PubReader TDM	Case Report Urinary Tract Infection with Dyspnea and Shock: An Unusual Presentation of Kawasaki Disease 호흡곤란과 쇼크 동반 요로감염: 가와사키병의 흔하지 않은 임상양상 Sangwon Rhee, Danbi Kim, Kyoungsoon Cho, Soo-Young Lee 이상원, 김단비, 조경순, 이수영 Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e6 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e6 HTML PDF PubReader TDM
Case Report Supergiant Coronary Aneurysm in Refractory Kawasaki Disease and Difficulty in Identifying Thrombosis 불응성 가와사키병에서 발생한 거대 관상동맥류와 초음파를 통한 혈전 생성 감별의 어려움 Ju Ae Shin, Jae Young Lee 신주애, 이재영 Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e7 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e7 HTML PDF PubReader TDM	Case Report Successful Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for a Patient with Kawasaki Disease Complicated by Coronary Thrombosis: A Case Report Na Hyun Lee, Se Yong Jung Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e8 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e8 HTML PDF PubReader TDM
Case Report Rescue Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in an Acute Kawasaki Disease Infant with Giant Left Main Coronary Artery Aneurysm which Compressed Left Anterior Descending Artery Eun Young Bae, Gi Beom Kim, Susan Taejung Kim, Mi Kyoung Song, Woong Han Kim Kawasaki Dis 2025;3(1):e9 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2025.3.1.e9 HTML PDF PubReader TDM

MOST READ ARTICLES

Review The Usefulness of Infliximab Treatment in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease Min Seob Song Kawasaki Dis 2024;2(1):e1 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2024.2.1.e1 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 983	Review Differentiation between Lymph-Node-First Presentation of Kawasaki Disease from Bacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis Jihye You Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e5 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e5 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 668
Review Antithrombotic Therapy in Kawasaki Disease 가와사키병에서의 항혈전요법 Byung Won Yoo 류병원 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(2):e15 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.2.e15 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 604	Review Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children 가와사키병과 소아다기관염증증후군 Eun Jung Shin 신은정 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e4 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e4 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 566
Review Historical Background of Kawasaki Disease in Korea 국내 가와사키병의 역사적 배경 Ji Whan Han 한지환 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e2 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e2 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 552	Review Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Adenitis (PFAPA) Syndrome: An Overview for Primary Care Practitioners PFAPA 증후군: 일차 진료의를 위한 개요 Jin Lee, Soo-Young Lee, Dae Chul Jeong 이진, 이수영, 정대철 Kawasaki Dis 2024;2(1):e2 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2024.2.1.e2 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 538
Original Article Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Refractory Kawasaki Disease in South Korea Jong-Woon Choi, Gi Beom Kim Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e7 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e7 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 518	Review Cardiac Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Heirim Lee Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(2):e13 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.2.e13 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 496
Case Report Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome and Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A Case Report 가와사키병 쇼크증후군과 대식세포 활성증후군: 증례보고 Beom Joon Kim, Danbi Kim, Kyoungsoon Cho, Jung Woo Rhim, Soo-Young Lee, Dae Chul Jeong 김범준, 김단비, 조경순, 임정우, 이수영, 정대철 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e11 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e11 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 447	Case Report Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Kawasaki Disease: An Initial Presentation of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 대식세포활성증후군이 합병된 가와사키병: 소아기특발성관절염의 초기 임상양상 Soo-Young Lee, Jung Woo Rhim, Dae Chul Jeong, Jin Han Kang 이수영, 임정우, 정대철, 강진한 Kawasaki Dis 2024;2(1):e4 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2024.2.1.e4 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Last 3 months views: 423

MOST CITED ARTICLES

Case Report Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome and Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A Case Report 가와사키병 쇼크증후군과 대식세포 활성증후군: 증례보고 Beom Joon Kim, Danbi Kim, Kyoungsoon Cho, Jung Woo Rhim, Soo-Young Lee, Dae Chul Jeong 김범준, 김단비, 조경순, 임정우, 이수영, 정대철 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e11 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e11 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 6	Review Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children 가와사키병과 소아다기관염증증후군 Eun Jung Shin 신은정 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e4 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e4 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 3
Review Antithrombotic Therapy in Kawasaki Disease 가와사키병에서의 항혈전요법 Byung Won Yoo 류병원 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(2):e15 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.2.e15 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 3	Review Kawasaki Disease and Innate Immunity 가와사키병과 선천면역 Dae Chul Jeong 정대철 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e3 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e3 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 1
Review Advancing Risk Stratification of Coronary Artery Aneurysms Caused by Kawasaki Disease Using Hemodynamics Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics Jongmin Seo Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e6 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e6 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 1	Original Article Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Refractory Kawasaki Disease in South Korea Jong-Woon Choi, Gi Beom Kim Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e7 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e7 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 1
Case Report A Case of a Third Attack of Recurrent Node-First Kawasaki Disease with Retropharyngeal Edema Jin-Hee Oh Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(1):e10 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.1.e10 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 1	Review Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Spectrum of Kawasaki Disease or Independent Disease? COVID-19 연관 소아 다기관 염증 증후군: 가와사키병과 어떻게 다른가? Min-Jung Cho 조민정 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(2):e12 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.2.e12 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 1
Original Article Characteristics of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) with Hyperferritinemia 고페리틴혈증 동반 소아다기관염증증후군의 특징 Jung Woo Rhim, Beom Joon Kim, Soo-Young Lee, Dae Chul Jeong 임정우, 김범준, 이수영, 정대철 Kawasaki Dis 2023;1(2):e16 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2023.1.2.e16 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 1	Review The Usefulness of Infliximab Treatment in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease Min Seob Song Kawasaki Dis 2024;2(1):e1 https://doi.org/10.59492/kd.2024.2.1.e1 HTML PDF PubReader TDM Cited by 1